The Most Enlightened Despot of the 1700's Elliot Chung Homework: 1) Read 'The Enlightenment Spreads' pgs 202-205. Take detailed notes using CORNELL. While many monarchs were resistant to this change in thinking, some embraced it and wanted to be known as 'enlightened'. As such they have been referred to as 'Enlightened despots.' Make sure you really look at the3examples on pages 204-205 (Frederick the Great, Joseph II,andCatherine the Great).
When and where did they rule and what were their accomplishments?
-Frederick the Great was was the King of Prussia from 1740 to 1786. Frederick the Great reformed Prussia by granting many religious freedoms, reducing censorship, and improving education. He also believed that serfdom(system in which peasants were forced to live and work on a landowner’s estate) was wrong, but he couldn’t do anything to end it because to do that he needed the support of wealthy land owners. Joseph II was whom ruled Austria from 1780 to 1790. He’s known as the most radical royal reformer, who introduced legal reforms and freedom of the press. In his most radical reform, he abolished serfdom and ordered that peasants be paid for their labor with cash. However the nobles firmly resisted the change, and after his death, his reforms were undone. Catherine the great was a ruler most admired by the philosophers who ruled Russia from 1762 to 1796. In 1767, she formed a commission to review Russia’s laws. By the end of her remarkable reign, she also had vastly enlarged the Russian empire.
How did they reflect the new Enlightenment ideals?
-Many enlightened philosophers tried to convince monarchs to rule justly. Some monarchs embraced the new ideas and made reforms the reflected the Enlightenment spirit. And that’s known as the Enlightened despots. Frederick the Great, Joseph II, and Catherine the Great are all some examples. Frederick the Great reflect the Enlightenment ideals by reforming justice system, abolishing the use of torture; which was basically Beccaria’s idea of criminal justice. Joseph II reflected the new Enlightenment ideals of equal rights by abolishing the serfdom. Catherine the Great reflected the new Enlightenment ideals by forming a commission to review Russia’s law which was based on Montesquieu’s idea of separation of power.
2) In your summary, using what you have learned about the Enlightenment, answer the following question:
What are some of the ways that western culture changed in response to Enlightenment ideas? Be sure to mention the baroque, neoclassical, and classical styles.
- Not only the government, the the Enlightenment ideals of order and reason were also reflected in the arts; music, literature, painting, and architecture. Before the Enlightenment, the European art of the 1600s and early 1700s had been dominated by the style called baroque. The baroque style was characterized by a grand, ornate design. Basically, works were done very elaborate. But as the enlightenment spread through Europe, people started to borrow the classical themes of Greece and Rome, and changed their style to being more simple and elegant. Because they were borrowing the classical themes of Greece and Rome, they named their new style Neo-classical; meaning “new classical”. Not just architectures, but the music was also impacted. During the Enlightenment, a new and more elegant style of music known as classical emerged, which is still very well known today. Again, as Enlightenment spread throughout Europe, people started to borrow the themes of classical Greece and Rome. However, it is significant to know that the style of classical and Neo-classical aren’t exactly the same. There were some differences in thinking such as the right to govern.
Think aboutPeople TODAYwho you would considered to be ENLIGHTENED thinkers. Research what they have done - justify your choicein a paragraph.
-I consider Steve Jobs an Enlightened thinker, although it’s only been a few weeks since he passed away. Steve Jobs, was indeed an enlightened thinker. To be an enlightened thinker is to be enlightened with spiritual and intellectual insight through endless thinking, and to be able benefit him or herself with the idea. Steve Jobs never gave up thinking and always thought about the types of products that could make the consumers happy. In 1985, Jobs was pushed out of Apple. Although he despaired, he never gave up thinking. During the 12 years Jobs spent working outside Apple, he purchased a company from a movie director called George Lucas, and turned it into today’s Pixar Animation Studio. This was all a result from his endless thinking, and is significant because Pixar is one of the greatest animation studio of the world today, and allowed him to return to Apple. When he returned to Apple, he kept thinking and thinking, so that Apple could prosper and the consumers be happy. Iphones, and macbooks are all his ideas; which were all big hits. He was highly regarded for his ability to understand what the consumers really wanted before they knew themselves. He was able to see what the consumers wanted through endless thinking, and is significant because apple could prosper and had a big impact all over the world. In conclusion, I regard Steve Jobs an Enlightened thinker because he never gave up thinking and always sought to think to benefit people.
Why have people decided to Occupy Wall Street, and other financial areas in major cities the world over?
- People have decided to occupy the Wall Street because, the 99% who were poor were against the 1% who were rich. They thought it was unfair how the government put so much taxes, and they thought that the government and the rich people stole funds of Americas; stole the future of their children.
Who might oppose those who are occupying Wall Street or demonstrating? Why are they opposing them? Taxes, not on the news in TV, some people protesting were arrested
- The 1%, the government or the rich people might oppose those who are occupying the Wall Street. Even though there are the "Smart riches", as Michael said, many of the rich people are greedy. Those kind of people would oppose to the demonstrations because of the fear of losing money and the fear of fact that the demonstrations threaten them.
Homework:
1) Read 'The Enlightenment Spreads' pgs 202-205. Take detailed notes using CORNELL. While many monarchs were resistant to this change in thinking, some embraced it and wanted to be known as 'enlightened'. As such they have been referred to as 'Enlightened despots.' Make sure you really look at the 3 examples on pages 204-205 (Frederick the Great, Joseph II, and Catherine the Great).
- When and where did they rule and what were their accomplishments?
- Frederick the Great was was the King of Prussia from 1740 to 1786. Frederick the Great reformed Prussia by granting many religious freedoms, reducing censorship, and improving education. He also believed that serfdom(system in which peasants were forced to live and work on a landowner’s estate) was wrong, but he couldn’t do anything to end it because to do that he needed the support of wealthy land owners. Joseph II was whom ruled Austria from 1780 to 1790. He’s known as the most radical royal reformer, who introduced legal reforms and freedom of the press. In his most radical reform, he abolished serfdom and ordered that peasants be paid for their labor with cash. However the nobles firmly resisted the change, and after his death, his reforms were undone. Catherine the great was a ruler most admired by the philosophers who ruled Russia from 1762 to 1796. In 1767, she formed a commission to review Russia’s laws. By the end of her remarkable reign, she also had vastly enlarged the Russian empire.- How did they reflect the new Enlightenment ideals?
- Many enlightened philosophers tried to convince monarchs to rule justly. Some monarchs embraced the new ideas and made reforms the reflected the Enlightenment spirit. And that’s known as the Enlightened despots. Frederick the Great, Joseph II, and Catherine the Great are all some examples. Frederick the Great reflect the Enlightenment ideals by reforming justice system, abolishing the use of torture; which was basically Beccaria’s idea of criminal justice. Joseph II reflected the new Enlightenment ideals of equal rights by abolishing the serfdom. Catherine the Great reflected the new Enlightenment ideals by forming a commission to review Russia’s law which was based on Montesquieu’s idea of separation of power.2) In your summary, using what you have learned about the Enlightenment, answer the following question:
- What are some of the ways that western culture changed in response to Enlightenment ideas? Be sure to mention the baroque, neoclassical, and classical styles.
- Not only the government, the the Enlightenment ideals of order and reason were also reflected in the arts; music, literature, painting, and architecture. Before the Enlightenment, the European art of the 1600s and early 1700s had been dominated by the style called baroque. The baroque style was characterized by a grand, ornate design. Basically, works were done very elaborate. But as the enlightenment spread through Europe, people started to borrow the classical themes of Greece and Rome, and changed their style to being more simple and elegant. Because they were borrowing the classical themes of Greece and Rome, they named their new style Neo-classical; meaning “new classical”. Not just architectures, but the music was also impacted. During the Enlightenment, a new and more elegant style of music known as classical emerged, which is still very well known today. Again, as Enlightenment spread throughout Europe, people started to borrow the themes of classical Greece and Rome. However, it is significant to know that the style of classical and Neo-classical aren’t exactly the same. There were some differences in thinking such as the right to govern.- I consider Steve Jobs an Enlightened thinker, although it’s only been a few weeks since he passed away. Steve Jobs, was indeed an enlightened thinker. To be an enlightened thinker is to be enlightened with spiritual and intellectual insight through endless thinking, and to be able benefit him or herself with the idea. Steve Jobs never gave up thinking and always thought about the types of products that could make the consumers happy. In 1985, Jobs was pushed out of Apple. Although he despaired, he never gave up thinking. During the 12 years Jobs spent working outside Apple, he purchased a company from a movie director called George Lucas, and turned it into today’s Pixar Animation Studio. This was all a result from his endless thinking, and is significant because Pixar is one of the greatest animation studio of the world today, and allowed him to return to Apple. When he returned to Apple, he kept thinking and thinking, so that Apple could prosper and the consumers be happy. Iphones, and macbooks are all his ideas; which were all big hits. He was highly regarded for his ability to understand what the consumers really wanted before they knew themselves. He was able to see what the consumers wanted through endless thinking, and is significant because apple could prosper and had a big impact all over the world. In conclusion, I regard Steve Jobs an Enlightened thinker because he never gave up thinking and always sought to think to benefit people.
- People have decided to occupy the Wall Street because, the 99% who were poor were against the 1% who were rich. They thought it was unfair how the government put so much taxes, and they thought that the government and the rich people stole funds of Americas; stole the future of their children.
- Who might oppose those who are occupying Wall Street or demonstrating? Why are they opposing them? Taxes, not on the news in TV, some people protesting were arrested
- The 1%, the government or the rich people might oppose those who are occupying the Wall Street. Even though there are the "Smart riches", as Michael said, many of the rich people are greedy. Those kind of people would oppose to the demonstrations because of the fear of losing money and the fear of fact that the demonstrations threaten them.